An Investigation Into Mass Media - 2388 Words

â€Å"An investigation into whether mass media is in reality biased towards Islam/Islamic beliefs, in addition are there contributing factors?† â€Å"The media is the most powerful entity on the earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and that’s power. Because they control the mind of the masses.† - Malcolm X My self-interest project is an â€Å"An investigation into whether mass media is in reality biased towards Islamic beliefs in addition are there contributing factors?† As a Muslim seeing the media presenting islam in a negative portrayal of Islam, it provoked my interest in investigating the different beliefs and work given out to the individuals in our generation mass media. I hypothesise that what is portrayed in the media is in fact biased to a certain extent (90%) however this is due to certain contributing factors. (10%) To conduct my research and to further study whether the media is biased or not I have created a survey so that I may receive at least 50-100 responses of students, adults, teachers, and individuals to see the opinions and reasons impacts based on factors of why the media has a portrayal of Islam in a negative way. My secondary data and analysis will be playing a crucial role in the self-interest project as it has presented to me varying different views of Islam shown in the media and why they may be that certain way from various places from around the world and including different articles from different companies/teams , interviews , TVShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Opinions Of Tougher Guise Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagescourage and manhood (Kataz, 5). Over the year’s media images has played a major role in many individuals’ behavior changed established on his or her beliefs, also on how someone thinks and acts found off on what individuals see (Kataz, 5). One the foremost point of this documentary is that regardless of widespread change of violence in American culture, it’s very encouraging that violence can be stopped. Violent masculinity is no more â€Å"natural† than media imagery. Together depend on organized routinesRead MoreMedia and the Criminal Justice System1533 Words   |  7 PagesMedia has a strong influence on today s society and the criminal justice system. Interaction with the media continues to create problems in overcoming the racial disparities in this nation, due to crime that is committed by ethnic minorities in the media increasing racial stereotypes. Media also has a great influence and disadvantages regarding high profile criminal cases, affecting the way Americans view the criminal justice system. High exposure to the news and entertainment media has beenRead MoreMass Media Such As Television, Newspapers, And Internet1457 Words   |  6 PagesMass media such as television, newspapers, and i nternet are the center of the public s communication and entertainment. Society relies heavily on mass media for their news, education, entertainment, and their socialization. It can inspire, persuade, and change the behavior of the audience depending on the objective. The public is often misinformed and uninformed by media outlets to control the information that reaches the public. As technology continues to grow, access to mass media continues toRead MoreColumbine Shooting Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesname the shooters: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. Too often do Americans and citizens of the world remember the perpetrators of tragedies rather than the victims themselves. In an article published by Newsweek written by Max Kutner named â€Å"Mass Shootings and News Media: A Connection?†, Anderson Cooper stated in an on air interview following the 2012 movie theater shooting in Aurora, Colorado, â€Å"before we go any further, I just want to say that I am only going to m ention the alleged shooter’s name a fewRead MoreThe Media And Gun Violence894 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and Gun violence A current most spoken issue among the public media is gun violence or mass shooting however the crime is not as many as it was twenty years ago. The term mass shooting does not have an official set of definition yet, but the term indicates crime which is killing as many people as possible in a short time frame. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines it as â€Å"actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area† (Sam Brock, Rachel Witte, and JoeRead MoreMedia Influence Mass Media795 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media and the Influence on America and Television By. Mozelle Jones HUMANITIES In real life, we are in Mass Media and we did not even know it. Everything from you learning to just leisure involvement. The cultural products that influence mass media and has taking part is Net Flix. It has made an impact on the movie business where television can be used to see movies and mass media. Television still has an impact on cultural meanings. It shows us the news, ads, and movies that changeRead MorePolice Incident Essay724 Words   |  3 Pagesto this devastating tragic, Sheriff Faile has just received notification that there may be photos of the crime scene on Facebook. As the public information officer for the Lancaster County Sheriff’s Department, I have prepared a statement for the media concerning the death of Judge Hernandez and her family as well. I understand that it is very crucial to develop and evaluate my strategy before I release information to the public. Having said that, the Lancaster County Homicide Unit and the SouthRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Sandy Hook School Shooting1520 Words   |  7 PagesThis heinous crime is America’s deadliest mass shooting at a grade school and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person. Throughout the country, American citizens were mournful and regretful as media outlets released the details of what transpired. Police investigators, media reporters, and American citizens were left wondering how could this have happened and how could we have prevented this heinous crime? In looking for an explanation, the media emphasized various social issues such asRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1696 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica due to television, movies, and the media. This is due to crime and punishing crime being romanticized and the population becoming more desensitized. Some of the most appealing shows to the American people are the ones that include criminal investigat ions. However, the crime television shows that people view on a daily basis is extremely different from the actual Criminal Justice system, especially homicide investigations. Homicide investigations are immensely complex and tedious. They requireRead MoreThe Mass Media Influence On Society804 Words   |  4 PagesThe mass media greatly influence the behavior and thoughts of citizens and policymakers, and has a great impact on policy agenda. The mass media includes television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other means of popular communication. There are two kinds of media; print media, which includes newspapers and magazines, and electronic media, which includes television, radio, and the Internet. There are various positives and negatives of the media and its relation to the public and to

Diagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease - 1297 Words

Alzheimer s disease is a form of dementia generally known for afflicting memory loss. An estimated 5 million Americans suffer from this disease (NIH, 2014). It is not a normal part of aging. Alzheimer’s is common among the elderly, yet surprisingly, two-thirds of the people affected are women. While two thirds affected are women, they are also more likely to be from an African-American or Hispanic descent. Alzheimer s disease is present in 60 to 80 percent of dementia patients (Mayo Clinic, 2015). A symptom of Alzheimer s is difficulty remembering newly obtained information. As time passes, Alzheimer’s symptoms worsen and there is no cure; there are research studies and experimental treatments available. An estimated $226†¦show more content†¦Dr. Alzheimer discovered that it’s in fact more than just an abnormality of the brain but cerebrovascular risk factors that contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (Chinthapalli, 2014). While older age is one of the causing factors of dementia, gradual cognitive decline in those in their 60s rather their 90s is when Alzheimer’s is viewed as the cause of memory decline. Hypothesis The hypothesis for this research proposal is, â€Å"Using tools, methods and research strategies for early detection in patients with simple memory issues will give researchers a deeper understanding of the brains pathology of potential Alzheimer’s patients rather than merely addressing their current symptoms.† Research Process Research Design Data Collecting Tools When conducting scientific research, there are many approaches that can be taken depending on the desired outcome. Researchers can have more than one hypotheses they want to address and in this case a quantitative research design would come in handy. A quantitative design involves gathering and changing data into numerical form so that statistical data is made and conclusions can be drawn from it (Matthews, Kostelis, 2011). Statistical analysis allows the researcher to determine the level of the relationship between two or more variables. In the case of Alzheimer’s, it could be the relationship between mental exercises leading to greater mental capacity. Being objective is essential in quantitative research. In a quantitative study

Essay about The Theme of Katherine Mansfields Miss Brill

In the story Miss Brill, an old, lonely lady spends her Sunday observing people in a park. Although ignored by everyone around her, Miss Brill manages to convince herself that she is really an integral part of the scene and would be missed if she werent there. Her illusion is shattered by a chance remark at the end of the story, and she returns home, clearly devastated by her new understanding of her place in life. What this story is trying to illustrate is that sometimes people can be happy through living in an illusion. However, this kind of happiness is fragile and can be easily destroyed. Unfortunately, modern society does not provide a place for everyone. Inevitably, there are those people, often elderly, who become†¦show more content†¦She pays attention to the smallest details. Wasn’t the conductor [of the band in the park] wearing a new coat, too? She was sure it was new. He scraped with his foot and flapped his arms like a rooster about to crow†¦ Now came a little ‘flutey’ bit—very pretty!—a little chain of bright drops. She was sure it would be repeated. It was; she lifted her head and smiled (98). Even if she’s only an observer, Miss Brill is an involved observer. She draws enjoyment from simply being in the park atmosphere. However, her enjoyment is more than a passing mood. It’s actually an indication of a deeper emotion—a kind of happiness. This becomes clear after Miss Brill has paid close attention to several small exchanges between people at the park. Oh how fascinating it was! How she e njoyed it! How she loved sitting here, watching it all! (99). That Miss Brill does not actually participate in anything is clear to the reader, but not to her. Vicarious involvement in other people’s lives seems to be fulfilling for her, even though there is no actual interplay with others. The most telling evidence that Miss Brill is happy (and that her happiness is based on a false impression) is when she comes to the conclusion that she’s somehow needed at the park. No doubt somebody would have noticed if she hadn’t been there; she was part of the performance after all†¦ Miss Brill nearly laughed out loud (100). This realization eventually moves Miss Brill toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Katherine Mansfield s Miss Brill1437 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Destruction in Katherine Mansfield’s Miss Brill In â€Å"Miss Brill,† Katherine Mansfield tells the story of an elderly woman’s fantasy and role among the world until it is depicted from a young couple bringing her down to reality. Mansfield uses sense imagery and Miss Brill’s perspective on the world rather than her own thoughts of herself, but portrays psychological portraits of self-destruction from Miss Brill’s fantasy world. Mansfield uses self-destruction to symbolize the character of Miss Brill by sittingRead MoreIn Language, The Term ‘Conversation’ Is Understood As A1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe meaningful role of conversation in the English language into an equally significant role in written literature. In Katherine Mansfield’s book of short stories The Garden Party (1922) the role that conversation plays is to provide reality within the idyllic narratives. In Katherine Mansfield s short story The Garden Party, conversation provides the stories fundamental theme of class division. The conversation is established through the characters dialogue, which creates a pronounced margin betweenRead MoreKatherine Mansfields Miss Brill Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageseffects; however, if they are handled poorly, it could diminish happiness. Katherine Mansfields short story, Miss Brill, uses symbol, plot, character, and point of view, to reveal the theme that creating an alternate reality through the lives of other people will not relieve loneliness. Miss Brills fur, the symbol in the short story, is contextual. The fur isRead MoreMiss Brill Commentary1279 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Brill by Katherine Mansfield illustrates the story of a woman who goes out out on a Sunday afternoon and sees the world as a play, with everyone - and herself - acting out their roles. She wears a fur which the author mentions throughout the story, and Miss Brill’s realization of her loneliness is only shown at the end of the story as she takes it off. Mansfield employs the techniques of characterization, imagery, and motifs to express the theme of human alienation in society. Mansfield usesRead MoreBook Review : Miss Brill And Life Of Ma Parker 1463 Words   |  6 Pagesliminality is found across a variety of literary texts in one form or another. Katherine Mansfield, of New Zealand and England and described as a â€Å"liminar† by Sarah Ailwood (2005), utilises an array of interpretations of liminal space to express the concept through both character and story. Mansfield either directly or indirectly reflects her own experiences as a liminar caught between two worlds in her short stories. ‘Miss Brill,’ and ‘Life of Ma Parker’ both individually and uniquely represent a differentRead MoreAnalysis Of Katherine Mansfield s Miss Brill 976 Words   |  4 Pages The setting of a story is a combination of place and time. In Katherine Mansfield’s short story Miss Brill, the place is set immediately, â€Å"the blue sky powdered with gold and great spots of light like white wine splashed over the Jardins Publiques† (Mansfield,72). Form this the reader can gather that this story is set in a public park in France. The narrator goes on to tell us it Sunday afternoon and the main character, Miss Brill, likes to sit on a bench in this particular park and â€Å"people watchRead MoreThe Female Role in William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm.†1329 Words   |  5 PagesReading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of them simply because of their gender. Curry believes that Faulkner displays the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† through scenes of gender differences. The beginning of the story shows the motivational split between men and women.Read MoreAnalysis Of Katherine Mansfield s Life1212 Words   |  5 PagesKatherine Mansfield was born October 14, 1888 in Wellington New Zealand. Mansfield was a well-known and respected prominent writer in the 20th century. She attended Queens College in London with her sisters. Mansfield broke barriers for female writers in the early 20th century and even still today. Her stories commonly focus on the theme of reality /world versus human nature while also touching the themes of the darker and more complex sides of life. From Enheduanna to Jane Austen to CharlotteRead MoreKatherine Mansfield And Ernest Hemmingway Are Both Published1438 Words   |  6 PagesKatherine Mansfield and Ernest Hemmingway are both published writers. One was born in New Zealand and the other in the United States during the late 19th century. This paper will compare and contrast the setting, plot, imagery, climax, and theme between Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† and Hemmingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain.† The setting in â€Å"Miss Brill† takes place in a public garden in France. The story states the band plays in the Jardins Publiques (Public Gardens) in France (15). Miss Brill, the protagonistRead MoreThemes in Miss Brill by Katherine Mansfield1896 Words   |  8 PagesThemes in Miss Brill by Katherine Mansfield Abstract: Fiction interpretation contributes to a more sufficient understanding and profound appreciation of literary works for readers. Miss Brill, a short story written by Katherine Mansfield, describes an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Though short in form, it is really worth detailed interpretation and appreciation

Diabetes Type 2 Meta Analysis - 1011 Words

Diabetes Type 2 meta-analysis Abstract Objective To compare treatment options of type2 diabetes. In reference to this a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials, observation-based studies and published information was carried out in an attempt to investigate the difference of efficacy between pharmacologic treatment in Diabetes type 2, specifically the newer oral class known as the SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Research designs and methods A literature search was conducting using the keywords â€Å"Oral Type 2 Diabetes treatment options† in the domain of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane to find articles comparing treatment methods. The results of the literature search were utilized in conducting the research studies that had been published up†¦show more content†¦Overall it was collected that a number of type 2 diabetes drugs lowered A1C and CV risk at roughly the same degree, with the major differences noted in route of administration, side effects, and price, rather than efficacy. Most of the oral antidiabetics in question showed no difference on a 95% confidence interval in regard to reduction of all cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Based on meta-analysis of these studies, it can be suggested that monotherapy with metformin is a good first line option, however other agents may prove to be similarly efficacious and appropriate for use in select patient populations as there was no notable di fference suggested in reducing cardiovascular outcomes between the drug classes. Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a major concern worldwide. Differing from type 1 diabetes that is usually diagnosed at a young age, diabetes type 2 is a type of diabetes that onsets during adulthood however the risk rises steadily in children as obesity increases. T2DM severely affects how the body metabolizes glucose: the major source of energy, and results with excess sugar in the bloodstream.1 This condition occurs where the body resists insulin effects and doesn’t produce enough insulin to manage glucose levels. Long-term complications from exposure of excess sugar in the blood affect major organs like the heart, nerve, kidney, eyes, skin, ears and can even lead to neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.1Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Insulin Resistance And Type 2 Diabetes792 Words   |  4 Pages The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes A Meta-Analysis Dalal Mazraeh Saint James School of Medicine Preceptor: Maja Delibasic, M.D. ABSTRACT Sleep deprivation and sleep restriction leads to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. To study whether shortened sleep and sleep deprivation affects insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, we developed a meta-analysis of 7 studies that research this topic. The studies included hadRead MoreWhat Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents living in Sub-Saharan Africa?1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe increasing prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. - Identify the risk factors for having the disease early in life. OBJECTIVES - Assessment of the extent of the problem posed by type II diabetes. - Estimating the prevalence of type II diabetes among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Identifying possible risk factors. - Making evidence based conclusions and recommendations for practice or further research. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a deadly diseaseRead MoreOral Diabetic Addictions : Case Study724 Words   |  3 Pagesassessed for other parameter comparison. By comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to the other oral diabetes medications, SGLT2 inhibitors showed a lower relative risk via the statistical tests conducted in lowering cardiovascular mortality. Though some pioneer studies point to metformin as the mainstay treatment, most oral antidiabetic treatments prove similarly efficacious when collaborating studies and examining effect from a meta-analytic point of view. Based on the research, I would not make a change in recommendingRead MoreExamining Diabetes and Metabolic Traits of Mexican Americans in the AIR Registry Sample1308 Words   |  5 Pagescontributions to diabetes and metabolic traits in the AIR registry sample, which is composed of Mexican American participants who reside in the Phoenix-Arizona area. The AIR registry participants were extensively phenotyped for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome measures. The prevalence of diabetes in our population was 12.3%, which was above the 8.3% of the general population [32,33]. Moreover, we observed that 34.0% of the participants were classified with pre-diabetes, which was similarRead MoreEssay On Vitamin996 Words   |  4 PagesTreatment 3: When comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors to DPP-4 inhibitors, empagliflozin was compared directly to sitagliptin as an active comparator. This study was a multicenter, randomized placebo controlled phase 3 trial that included diabetic patients with A1C levels between 7-10% who had not received other treatment in the previous 12 weeks. The objective of the study was change in baseline A1C at 24 weeks, and it included 899 patients all divided equally by demographics to a placebo group, the empaglifozinRead MoreHealth and Diet: Why Magnesium is Important? Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Since our health is controlled by our diet, we highly need to consider the type of food we consume. Most of us shop for food that is tasty, but not necessarily healthy. Most our food today has a large amount of fat, salt, and other ingredients that can be unhealthy. How many of us consider the dark green type of food, such as spinach? Or may be nuts and soymilk that has a lot of minerals? Some of us probably do, but do we consume them in sufficient amounts? This may seem a trivialRead MoreMinority Health Disparities : Type II Diabetes1742 Words   |  7 Pages Minority Health Disparities: Type II Diabetes in African Americans Shelby Peterson HLTH 236 – 501 Jeff Guidry Texas AM University April 14, 2015 Executive Summary Type II Diabetes in African Americans is a major health disparity that is growing every day and needs to be understood more. According to the American Diabetes Association, African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Hispanic whites (American Diabetes Association). Why is that? Scientist have been extensivelyRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is diabetes Diabetes is a disorder in which our body does not process food for use as energy. Whenever we eat food, it is turned into glucose or sugar for our bodies to use for energy. The main organ that makes the hormone called insulin that helps the glucose get into our bodies properly, is the pancreas, which lies near the stomach. When you develop diabetes, that means your body is not making enough insulin or cannot use its own insulin as it should. When that happens, it causes sugarRead MoreSelf-Care of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus1152 Words   |  5 Pageswith newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus. The related literature is presented under the following sub headings. Section A:Literature related to various aspects of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Section B:Literature related to self-management skills of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Section C: Reviews related to effectiveness of diabetes education on newly diagnosed patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. SECTION A: LITERATURE RELATED TO TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes is a metabolic diseaseRead MoreType 2 Diabetes Mellitus, A State Of Relative Insulin Deficiency Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes mellitus, a state of relative insulin deficiency with underlying insulin resistance, accounts for majority of the cases of hyperglycemia worldwide. An estimated 422 million people worldwide have diabetes [1], and this number is expected to reach 592 million by the year 2035 [2]. Almost 30 million Americans (9% of the population) have diabetes, with estimated total health care costs of $245 billion due to extensive complications, primarily micro- and macrovascular pathology. Atherosclerotic

Organizational Governance and Performance Management Assessment

Question: Describe about the Organizational Governance and Performance Management Assessment. Answer: Introduction According to Oxford Learners Dictionary (2016), reform is a way of bringing a difference to an organization or any form of movement with the aim of improving or correcting it. It is to develop or amend unsatisfactory what is considered wrong. From the definition, health reform can be regarded as bringing changes in the health sector. The mental health reform started its cause in 2011 during the implementation of the national health reform (Council of Australian Governments, 2011). The main aim was to increase the citizens access to improved and integrated mental health services. The change mainly targets young people who require mental health care especially those with severe mental illness. It was believed that the apart from the benefits that the mentally ill patients were to get, their caregivers were also to help regarding getting information about their patients. For the reform to be fully implemented, a budget of $624 million was allocated in the 2010-2011 budget of the Australian government to serve the proceeding five years (Mental Health, 2010). Objectives of the reform The mental health reform in Australia was started to meet particular targets. First, it was to provide more severe support services to people with brutal mental illness in a more coordinated manner. In so doing, the Commonwealth has since changed the primary health care delivery to psychologists and psychiatrists and the community care which are delivered by non-governmental organizations (Mendoza, 2015). It has also set new rules for the connection the Australian states. Another objective of this reform was to aim at supporting areas with greater need of the mental health services like Aboriginal and the places underserved by the existing system using e-mental care. By the year 2011, some areas were not receiving appropriate services due to difficulty in access. This prompted a need for e-mental services to ensure those in need of mental services would collect them from wherever they were. In effect to this, the Australian government: Department of health (2012) announced that there would be a virtual clinic by the end of 2012 which was aimed at providing free and real-time counseling online and via telephones with trained counselors. Thirdly, the reform had the objective of coming up with strategies for detecting possible mental illness at early stages and to support those already suffering from the disease, especially young people. As a way of reducing mental illness in Australia is was important they are detected at early stages so that those that are not terminal are eradicated before they get worse. The National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing did in 2000 had revealed that 14% of adolescents and children had mental illness in Australia (Australian Government: Department of health, 2014). There was, therefore, need to reduce this percentage as children are considered the future of the country and it is easier to reduce impacts at early stages. Also, the reform wanted to decrease self-murder in Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia (2011) identified the highest percentage of suicide cases were as a result of mental illness. This was a challenge to the overall population of individual countries in Australia and therefore needed an immediate reaction. Commonwealth coordinated with the Primary health networks (PHN) which focused on providing evidence and activities which are suicide based and geared towards addressing peoples local needs (Delivering Reforms, 2011). Lastly, the reform has the desire to incorporate openness, quality, and accountableness. The department of health of the Australian government realized in 2011 that the three aspects were missing in the existing system and as a result, people in need of the services could not get them at the right time (Australian Government: Department of health, 2012). It was of great importance that the affected and infected people had confidence in the reforms that were about to be delivered as they were one of the major stakeholders of the whole project. It was noted the existing program did not include customers satisfaction details which are essential in coming up with new developments in any field. Implementation strategy For full implementation of the reform, there were procedures put in place to ensure its success. For each objective, strategies were put in place for their complete effectiveness. In enhancing the outcome of mentally ill people, Commonwealth collaborated with other organizations like the Primary health networks (PHN) to promote manageable funding for such individuals. They also sought to have stakeholders involvement as they are the fundamental beneficiaries of the program. An implementation strategy was also put in place to ensure the reform was fully functional by the end of 2014. The mental health services at the community level were for instant expanded with the employment of more mentors and helpers. In respect to empowering primary mental health services, the reform sought to increase access to the services to everyone including children and families who were in places difficult to reach. An e-mental program has been developed to cater for such people, and they can now get advice concerning their patients from wherever place at any time (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). Practicing resources have since been developed to support those responsible for service delivery. The Medicare benefits schedule had changes made and was set to work as early as November of the same year, 2011. The reform also had provision ensure shift toward care for children and adolescents with mental illness together with their families. The government started providing more youth mental health centers which help reduce the long queues that were in the few centers already available which were expected to be fully functional by 2015. More funds were also allocated for detection of mental illness at their initial stages especially to the youngsters. Mental check for three-year-olds was started in all the cities in Australia. The family health support was also to be expanded to help increase awareness to all citizens so that the reform was fully functional by 2014 (The Commonwealth of Australia, 2011) The implementation of Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) concerned with the well-being and physical health of children was continued. It monitors the childs behaviors ranging from how they play to the communication skills (Australian Early Development Index, 2012). This is important in detecting those who may have a mental disorder as normal children have a different growth behavior from the abnormal. Once this is detected early enough, the child can be given the right services at this time which at last can fully eliminate the mental illness. There was also the formation of national partnership on mental health. The main aim of the company was to come up with feedback on the developed and to report back to the Council of Australian Governments (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). This information was to be used in developing other reforms in future or in amending the existing one. In the partnership, the governments agreed to provide 50% fund to improve hospital services in the public sector. This was to cater for those with severe mental illness across all the states. In improving the socio-economic community participation for people having the mental disease, the reform came up with the suggestion for raising employment opportunity for such people (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011). An online training portal for such people was developed, and human resource department was put on the front line in ensuring they employ such individuals perchance they apply. The online portals had job access portals which gave them the opportunity to know the available opportunities and apply for a post. For this to be effective, a review was conducted to identify the most effective system for wages considering the people to be employed mentally ill. The portal was, however, appropriate also for their caregivers. In ensuring openness, quality, accountableness and innovation towards mental health services, commissioners were formed within the ministry in the prime ministers department. It was realized the major stakeholders who are the individuals with the mental disease could lack confidence in the new reforms being made. The Commission, therefore, had the responsibility of consulting the individuals in relation to the national report card. To support the reform, there had to be relevant information and evidence regarding the same. This prompted the commission to come up with a framework for planning the national services and was to work up to 2013. The online services created were to have a frequent update to ensure they contained up to date information at all times (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). The reform also came up with strategies to improve firsthand services in support of those likely to commit suicide. With the help of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS), guidelines were developed to help to deal with the victims. In July 2012, the ATAPS developed a 24-hour, seven days a week support line for suicide prevention services. The communities with high risks of suicide cases were to be given support by the governments as a way of reducing the occurrences (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). Recommendations The mental health reform of Australia 2011-12 focused mainly on those individuals with the severe mental disorder (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). This left out the high number of people which are those with mild illness. To be fully effective, all the sick people regardless of the intensity should be catered for. It is those with little effects that end up being severe hence need to provide necessary services. Future reforms should, therefore, consider putting into consideration this group of people. Instead of for the mentally ill patients especially youth to seek jobs using the online portal, the Australian government should look for these youths while still is school and provide them with appropriate services which may not necessarily cause them to leave school after all (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). Future reforms should, therefore, focus more on providing a nationwide support structure in supporting the youth with mild mental illness. With the current reform, it is possible that those without mental disorder be employed leaving the mentally ill individuals (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). This is because there is no early identification of such people and that the severe mental sick people are not in a position to use the online portal. Future reforms should, therefore, come up with better methods of selecting jobs to the affected individuals which could involve a personal search for potential employees in their homes. The reform did not indicate the criteria used by the employees regarding the selection of employees (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). There may be some people with malicious intentions who may use the portal to their advantage to seek employment. Future reforms should, therefore, include provision for criteria for choosing the mentally sick patients for employment. According to the Government of Australia Department of health (2012), the 2011-12 mental health reform does not provide sufficient monitoring and evaluation procedures. The reform did not outline the measures for surveillance. This has made it difficult to follow the progress of the reform. In the case of future reform, the reformists should state in their document the procedures and frequencies of review. This is due to newer ways are being developed every day and what was effective two years ago may be way much ineffective now. The reform was a national initiative which may limit other places due to reach (Government of Australia Department of health, 2012). As a result, a community-based reforms should be considered since not all communities within the country have the same problems. Future reforms should be based on particular communities so that the needs of the patients are addressed with those who best understand the needs. Conclusion The mental health reform of Australia 2011-12 has helped a great deal in Australia. However, with the mentioned recommendation, the health sector can improve its services when implemented. References Australian Early Development Index (2012). The checklist measures. Australian government: Department of health (2012). Evaluation of Suicide Prevention Activities: ATAPS Suicide Prevention Service Initiative Australian government: Department of health (2012). National Mental Health Reform 2011-12: A National Partnership Agreement on Mental Health Australian government: Department of health (2012). E-mental health strategy for Australia Commonwealth of Australia (2011). National Health Reform. Progress and Delivery Council of Australian Governments (2011). National Health Reform Agreement Delivering Reforms (2011). A new blueprint for mental health services Delivering Reforms implementation plan for TGA reforms: A blueprint for TGAs future (2011). Therapeutic goods administration Duckett S, Willcox S. 2011. The Australian Health Care System. Oxford University Press. Mendoza J. (2015). One giant step to mental health reform. ABC News Mental Health (2010). Taking action to tackle suicide election commitments Oxford learners dictionary (2016). Reform. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionarie.com/definition/english/reform_2 on October 12, 2016

Corporate Financial Management Controllership Duties

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Financial Management for Controllership Duties. Answer: Introduction In the current scenario, the role of a CFO has undergone a sea change and in under immense evaluation whether it is externally or internally. In reality, the role of a CFO is entrusted with high pressure that relates to reduction of cost, increment of the revenue, cost control, etc. The role of a CFO has attained a strong focus owing to the ever-increasing regulations, financial statements, investor assessment, etc. In the present age, the CFOs are needed to play crucial roles that will drive the organization towards success. The two main traditional roles are protecting the assets of the company by reducing risk and having the correct set of books. Secondly, a CFO needs to have an operation that is strong in nature and has the effectiveness. CFO needs to be a key strategic player otherwise; it is difficult to plan the activities in the age of cutthroat competition (Brealey et. al, 2011). The financial approach needs to be clear cut and must helps the business towards growth. Therefo re, considering the activities of the CFO, the role of the CFO is described by selecting the CFO of ADX Energy Ltd. These responsibilities play a key role in shaping company strategies so that it can attain its goals. ADX Energy Ltd is ASX-listed oil and gas appraisal and exploration company (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). It purposes to obtain superior shareholder returns through efficient choices of investment by applying high quality management and state of art technology. The responsibilities of a CFO play a very crucial role in attaining such goals and objectives. Responsibilities of CFO Controllership Duties The first general area of responsibility of a CFO is controllership duties. This responsibility makes the backward looking part of the CFOs duty. Controllership duties imply that the CFO of a company is responsible for presenting and reporting appropriate, timely, and adequate historical financial information of the company where he or she is working. This is an important area because reporting ensures that the compliance system is properly established and helps in providing the relevant information to the stakeholders (Brigham et. al, 2011). Therefore, this role is crucial in terms of providing information. Similarly, in ADX Energy Ltd, Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside perform the role of company secretary or CFO and are responsible for presenting and reporting accurate information so that every stakeholder like creditors, employees, analysts, shareholders and other management members can rely on the timeliness and accuracy of such information (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). With prior inpu ts from the CEO, they prepare and publish the financial statements and provide full assistance and advice to the Audit Committees to ensure that the committee is efficient. Such responsibility is very imperative for proper functioning of a company because various relevant decisions are made because of it. In order to ensure the fulfillment of such responsibility, Sparks and Ironside typically present the annual financial report to the Board of Directors only after conforming that the company has adhered to the Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards. Furthermore, as ADX Energy is a non-financial company, its CFOs use a combination of both financial and non-financial indicators for evaluating and analyzing the financial performance of the company. The financial and non-financial indicator is an important aspect that needs to be tame by the CFO. It helps the CFO in ascertaining the financial progress in a quick span of time (Libby et. al, 2011). They ensure that the companys reporting clearly portrays their third party connections and other collaborative agreements, if any. Under section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001, the CFOs of ADX Energy quarterly states in writing to the Board that the company has properly maintained the financial records and it gives a true and fair view of the companys performance (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). TreasuryDuties The second general area of responsibility of a CFO is treasury duties. Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside of ADX Energy Ltd are also responsible for the present financial condition of the company so that they can decide how to invest the resources of the company taking into account liquidity and risk of the company. Treasury is one of the key areas that need to be properly settled otherwise it leads to immense problem in terms of monetary condition (Melville, 2013). They also oversee the capital structure of the company in order to determine the best mix of equity, debt, and internal financing. The role is not limited to the capital structure rather the CFO observes whether the capital structure is perfectly balanced with an adequate level of equity and debt (Williams, 2012). A CFO needs to keep in mind that having a balanced level of equity and debt is the best for the company because a heavy reliance on debt will put undue pressure and a major chunk of the profit will go towards the interest payment (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). On the other hand, if there is lower proportion of debt then the company will not be possible to utilize the maximum capacity. The issues that surround the capital structure hamper the smooth functioning of the company and it affects the financial risk, thereby affecting the companys value. Therefore, Sparks and Ironside having an extensive experience in corporate governance, financial management and compliance for listed companies makes sure that while managing capital, the company continues as a going concern and it maintains and provides sufficient returns to the shareholders and other advantages for the stakeholders (Parrino et. al, 2012). They aim for such a capital structure that can ensure availability of lowest cost of capital to the company. They are also responsible to adjust such capital structure in the future in order to grab efficiency of favorable costs of capital and then issue further shares in the market. In smaller organiza tions, the responsibility of a CFO is limited to overseeing matters on salaries, investments, cash flow etc but in larger organizations whether financial or non-financial, a CFO has more of an oversight and administrative responsibility with respect to budgeting and management that is deciding on the pay scales and resource allocation based on reports from division managers. Economic Strategy and Forecasting The third general area of responsibility of a CFO is economic strategy and forecasting. It needs to be noted that the CFO needs to have a strong outlook of the economy and must forecast the condition considering the internal and external environment. This implies that a CFO is not only responsible for the past and present financial conditions of a company but he or she also plays a key role in the companys future financial conditions. Forecasting is one of the vital parts in the kitty of the CFO because plans can work when there is a strong forecasting technique. It helps the company to grab opportunities and cements its position in the market. In all sizes and types of organizations, CFOs are collaborating with the corporate boards and CEO so that they can assist in long-term strategic planning. Just like in ADX Energy Ltd, the CFOs (Amanda Sparks and Peter Ironside) help in evaluating the productivity of the company and search for areas of efficacies that can be enhanced to further develop the profitability of the business (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015. They are also called upon by the Board to use their knowledge on general economic outlook, funding sources and markets to support the company in making wise decisions about risk and resource allocation. Responsibility of CFO can influence Objective of the Company It is to be noted that the qualifications of CFO may vary given the range of organizations but most of the employed CFOs, in view of their financial management roles, are expected to have experience and training in finance and accounts. Due to increased competition for share of market, most companies focus on evaluating opportunities that can lower its business cost and increase income. Strategic planning by CFOs is done based on economic, social, political, and technological environment, cost drivers and relevance of sustainable business practices. Strategic plays a dominant role because the external and internal environment faces many challenges and the CFO needs to be dynamic in nature so that the situation is understood in a better fashion and results are guaranteed (Spiceland et. al, 2011). As part of corporate governance, the CFOs of ADX Energy Ltd also additionally declares that the internal compliance and risk management and control systems in association with the financial r isks are appropriate, sound and functioning effectively and efficiently. (ADX Energy Ltd, 2015). Critical Evaluation The financial condition of a company puts a CFO into areas like investment strategies, risk management, and acquisition of capital. The presence of CFO assures the enhancement of a performance measurement framework that gives an appropriate understanding as to whether the Board members and executive team have performed their roles effectively and whether they have sufficient financial information to execute their duties. They are directly accountable to the Board through the chairperson of the company on each matter that is associated to the proper functioning of the Board. As they have extensive knowledge on financial management and corporate governance, they provide financial and commercial advice to the Board, together with assistance in areas of capital raisings, corporate initiatives, and administration. Thereby critically they have a strong understanding of the business environment and helps the company to progress. Efficient Market Hypothesis It is observed in the financial market that any type of information is circulated in the market and the information is quickly absorbed by the stock market in the due course of time. This implies that the reaction of the market is immediate to the news that comes to its ways. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that the individual share price is a strong reflector of the factor, as well as techniques provided by the technical analysis and fundamental analysis that helps in selecting the correct stock. The Efficient market hypothesis is renowned as the Random Walk Theory and is regarded as the weight that present stock price indicates on the information that is available in the market backing up the value of the firm (Northington, 2011). Hence, there appears to be no way of making an enormous profit. The important hypothesis can be tag as the change in price that occurs in the stock market and the manner in which it happens. Both the investor as well as financial managers can get huge opportunity through this activity (Kalpan Schoar, 2005). The EMH opines that the share prices focus on the information that reflects the fundamental value. The hypothesis became popular because it helps the investor to beat the conventional policy that was present. Role and Duty of Pension Fund Manager The main role of a pension fund manager is to manage the investments or portfolio in an effective manner. The fund manager serves the client and this function is manage, on behalf of them so that the maximum returns are generated and even leads to better opportunities. Moreover, a pension fund manager is entrusting with the additional duty of safeguard of the capital. It is the duty of the pension fund manager to look after the capital so that it is not eroded and returns are derived with safety (Goyal Wahal, 2008). The main reason for such a role is considering the fact that pension fund are established with a view to invest the funds that are idle in nature so that after retirement the expense of the client can be meet with ease and flexibility (Davies Crawford, 2012). However, it needs to be noted that the fund manager cannot risk all the capital in assets that are risky in nature that will lead to erosion of the capital. Therefore, the management is done in a manner that leads to optimum return and low risk. Critical Evaluation It takes into assumption that the market is highly efficient and in no situation, the manager will be able to beat the market return. It will make his job redundant in nature (Northington, 2011). On the other hand, if the pension manager makes an investment in asset classes that are risky in nature and other such as ETFs, options and futures, etc. then a good use of the network skills can be done to grab securities that will provide the maximum return (Goyal Wahal, 2008). Hence, the market efficiency is put to debate and stock selection method is important. References ADX Energy Ltd 2015, ADX Energy Ltd Annual report 2015, viewed 5 September 2016, https://adx-energy.com/en/investors/annual-reports.php Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Davies, T. and Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Goyal, A. Wahal . S. 2008, The Selection and Termination of Investment Management Firms by Plan Sponsors, Journal of Finance , vol. 63, pp. 1802 1827. Kalpan , S.N Schoar, A 2005, Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows, Journal of Finance vol. 60, pp. 1795 1823. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. Bates, T 2012, Fundamentals of corporate finance, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.